Underfired coke oven



l c. orro `urunzlaIman COKE OVEN JTW.

INVENTQR ATTO RNEY m CARL' QTTO C. OTTO UNDERFIRET) COKE OVEN 7 sheets-smet 2 Original Filed June 6, 1938 Oct. 28, 1941 lNVENTOR CARL OTT@ f ATTORNEY wwf@ Oct. 28, 1941. C, OTTO Re. 21,933

UNDERFIRED COKE OVEN Original Filed June 6,. i938 '7 Sheets-Sheet I5- INVENTOR u CARL OTTO TTORNEY Ot. 28,1941. c. oTTo UNDERFIRED COKE OVEN Original Filed June 6 1958 'T sheets-sheet. v4

CARL OT- To g. /MM ATTO RNEY 'T Sheets-Sheet 5 CARL OTTO ATTORNEY 'UNDERFIRED ,COKE OVEN Original Filed June 6, 1958 Oct. 28, 1941.

Re.v 21,933

c. Qrro 1958 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 UNDERFIRED COKE OVEN original Filed June 6,

lNvNToR CARL 0770 ATTORNEY 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR CARL OrTo (3,/ ATTORNEY iled June 6,

UNDERFIRED COKE OVEN Orig v Oct. 28, 1941.

Ramal oa. 2s, 1941 21.933 UNDERFIRED cox ovr :r

Carl Otto, New York, N. Y., assigner to Fuel Reilning Corporation, Dover. Del., a corporation of Delaware Original No. 2,216,983, dated October 8, 1940, Serial No. 212,084, June 6, 1938. jAppiication for reissue December 11, 1940, Serial No. i 369,683. In Germany October 16, 1937 47 Claims.

The general object of the present invention is to improve the regenerative, and the fuel and air supply provisions of horizontal underfired regenerative coke oven batteries, and particularly of such batteries having hairpin iiues in their heating walls, and adapted for operation optionally with a lean fuel gas which is, or with a rich fuel gas which is not, regeneratively preheated.

A primary object of the invention is to provide anv underred coke oven having hairpin heating fines with' but two side by side regenerators between the pillar walls respectively beneath each,` two adjacentheating walls, and with means substantially eliminating the 'risk of objectionable leakage of fuel gas into off regenerators through the side walls of such regenerators, which heretofore has made it customary to provide a set of three side by side regenerators Vbetween adjacent pillar walls and to preheat lean fuel gas in the central one of the three regenerators, While preheating combustion air in the two side regenerators of the set. The use of two, instead of three, regenerators between each two pillar walls, simplifies the structure, and reduces the construction cost of the battery, and

i by increasing the width of the individual regenerators, facilitates regenerator repairs, but requires that a wasue heat or off regenerator be immediately alongside` each gas preheating regenerator. v

To suitably minimize leakage through each wall between adjacent gas heating and waste heat regenerators, as a result of the difference` between the pressures in the two regenerators, I reduce the perviousness, so to speak, of each such wall in one or both of two ways.` One of said ways comprises the transfer of the vertical rich fuel gas supply channel from their customary location in the pillar walls, to the regenerator division walls intermediate the pillar walls. The second of said ways comprises the incorporation of a longitudinal, metal plate, leakage barrier' in each such Wall, extending upward from the regenerator bottom level for a considerable distance. The leakage barrier maybe in the form` of a single plate extending for the full length of the pillar wall, or it may be formed in sections. In some cases such a barrier is advantageously incorporated in regenerator division walls other than those immediately adjacent regenerators used in preheating gas. When incorporated in a regenerator division wall including vertical gas supply channels, the barrier may advantageously be formed or disposed to reduce the risk of gas leakage from said channels.

' a part of this specification. For a better underbustion and decarbonizing air required. in the operation of a coke oven battery of the above mentioned kind, are supplied and regulated. A more specific object of the invention is to provide 11nproved means for supplying combustion air and lean fuel gas to regenerators of such a battery for preheating therein, in amounts suitably distributed vand proportioned along the lengths of the regenerators. In a preferred form of the invention, combustion air and lean fuel gas to be preheated, and rich fuel gas are supplied through distribution channels formed in a special horizontal masonry section or layer interposed between the coke oven brickwork proper and the usual reinforced concrete deck or slab supporting the coke oven brickwork of an underred coke oven battery, thereby desirably reducing the temperatures of said deck and the space beneath it and making it unnecessary to preheat the rich fuel gas, so as to avoid the condensation in the distribution piping which without such preheating may occur from time to time, when the fue) gas is distributed by piping in its customary location beneath the supporting deck.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming standing of'the invention, however, its advantages, and specific objects attained 'with its use,

reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described preferred-embodiments of the invention;

Of the drawings: i

Fig. 1 is a vertical transverse section of an underiired coke oven battery, the section being taken on the broken line I-i of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a partial lvertical section taken on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a partial section taken similarly to Fig. 2, but on a larger scale and illustrating details of construction not shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a section illustrating a modification of the fuel gas piping shown in Fig. 3; i

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of the rich fuel gas supply valves shown in Fig, 3, the section being .taken on the line 5--5 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 6 is afhorizontal section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a partial vertical section through the parts shown in Fig. -3;

vide improvements in the form and arrangement of the means by which fuel gas and com- Fig. 8 is a vertical section taken similarly to Fig. 2, but on a larger scale, of a portion of the oven brickwork between the oven floor level and the tops of the regenerator chambers;

Fig. 9 is a view taken similarly to Fig. 8, illustrating a modified brickwork arrangement;

Fig. 9A is a top view of brickwork parts employed in the arrangement shown in Fig. 9;

Fig. is a partial horizontal section on the line ll--Illof Fig.8:

Fig. 11 is a partial section taken similarly to Fig. 1, illustrating a modified form of gas and air supply means:

Fig. 12 is a partial vertical section on the line I2-I2 of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a partial sectionon the line II-II of Fig. 12;

Figs. 13. 13b, 13 and 13I are partial sections taken similarly to Fig. 13, and each illustrating a diilerent modification;

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary vertical section taken transversely of a battery having a modified regenerator and regenerator divisionwall arrangement, the section being taken onk the line Il-II oi' Fig. 15 except for its upper left hand portion, which is taken on the line IIA-I4 of Fig. 15;

Fig. 15 is a partial vertical section on the line llli5 of Fig. 14:

Fig. 16 is s. partial horizontal section on the line il- Il of Fig. 15;

' Fig. 17 is a partial vertical section taken similarly to,` and illustrating a modification of the construction shown in Figs. 14 and' 15;

Fig. 18 is a partial section on the line IB-Il of Fig. 17;

Fig. 19 is a vertical section, illustrating a modiiled form of part of the apparatus shown in Figs. 17 and 18;

Fig. 20 is a section on the line 20-20 of Fig. 19;

Fig. 21 is a partial vertical section taken longitudinally of a coke oven battery having rich fuel gas supply ducts located `in specially formed regenerator division walls directly beneath the heating walls:

Fig. 22 is a partial horizontal section on the line 22-22 of Fig. 21;

Fig. 23 is a partial vertical section taken similarly to, and illustrating a modification of the construction shown in Fig. 21; and

Fis. 24 is a horizontal section on the line 24-24 of Fig. 23.

Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate a regenerative underred horizontal coke oven battery,comprising a brickwork block or mass supported on a deck member A. The latter is customarily in the form of a slab of reinforced concrete, and, as shown, is divided into sections, by expansion joints A', theA said joints extending transversely of the battery. The deckv is supported on columns or pillars B'. carried by and rising from the battery foundation B, which is separated from the deck A, by a basement space a.

The brickwork block or mass supported on the deck A, comprises upper and lower stories. The

upper` story includes horizontally elongated coking chambers C, alternating with heating walls D.

Each of the latter includes vertical ues, con-.

prises tw`o side by side regenerator chambers E and e, between each two adjacent pillar walls F, there being one pillar wall F'v directly beneath each heating wall D. Midway between each two adjacent pillar walls F, and interposed between the corresponding regenerators E and e, is an intermediate regenerator division wall f.

'I'he regenerators E and e have sole channels E' and e through which waste heating gases may pass from the regenerators to corresponding reversing valves G connecting the ends of the sole channels to a waste heat tunnel G' at one or each side of the battery. With a tunnel G' at each side of the battery, the` regenators and sole channels E and e', may each be divided into two aligned sections, by a central vertical, longitudinal partition E". As shown, each valve G serves for the simultaneous discharge of waste heat gases from two adjacent sole channels E and e', respectively connected by conduits GE and ge" to upper vand lower inlet chambers of the valve by said chambers having bottom outlets controlled by separate valve disc parts a and a' of the movable valve member conduits GE and ae. When lean fuel gas is being preheated in a regenerator e, there will be no signincant leakage of gas past the corresponding valve disc g, even though the' latter does not nt snugly against its seat, because of the substantial equality of the pressures above and below said disc.

The cokel oven battery shown in Figs. 1 and 2, y

is a so-called combination oven battery, adapted for operation either with` a rich fuel gas which is not regeneratively preheated, or with a lean fuel gas which needs to be regeneratively preheated. In operation with rich fuel gas, all of the regenerators E and e are used in preheating combustion air, and in this case, each valve G may serve to place the end of the sole channel E' or e',

to which it is connected, alternately in communication with the adjacent waste heat tunnel G' for the discharge of waste heating gases, and in communication with the adjacent waste heat tunnel G' for the Adischarge of waste heating gases, and in communication with the atmosphere for the inow of the sole channel of atmospheric air. In operation, with lean fuel gas, the regenerators E are used in preheating combustion air as in rich gas operation', but the regenerators e are used in preheating the lean fuel gas. When the regenerators e are used in preheating lean fuel gas, the valves G associated with those regenerators e, must be arranged so that they at no time connect the corresponding sole channels e to'the atmosphere, and means must be provided for supplying to the regenerators e, the fuel gas to be preheated therein.

Each of the regenerators E and e, alternately receives products of combustion from', and supplies preheated air or lean fuel gas to one set of twin ilue branches d or d' in each of the two heating walls above the pillar walls F at the opposite sides of the regenerator. As those skilled in the art will understand, during reversal periods in which fuel gas is being supplied to one set of branches,` for example, the branches d, of the twin flues in one heating wall, fuel gas may also be supplied either to the branches d or to the branches d' in each of the two immediately adjacent heating walls. In the arrangement shown,

fuel gas is supplied at any one time to the flue branches d, in every second heating wall and to the branches d in the remaining heating Walls.

All ofthe forms of the invention illustrated herein are alike in having regenerator and heating flue connections H, H', h and h' of the general type shown best in Figs. 8 and 9.. Each regenerator E is connected by an inclined duct or passage H to one branch, d or d', ofA each hairpin ilue flue.

, in the heating wall D above the pillar wall F at the right of said regenerator, and is connected by an inclined duct or passage H', to each corresponding hairpin flue branch d' or d, respectively,

in the heating wall D above' the pillar wall F at the'left of the regenerator.

Each regenerator e is connected by oppositely inclined ducts or passages h and h' to the same hairpin ilue branches d or d' to which the regenerator E atthe opposite generators E and e at opposite sides of each intermediate division wall f are both ofl regenerators, absorbing heat-from down-flowing products of combustion, during operating periods altenaung with other periods in which the two regenerators are both on regenerators, the regenerator E of the pair then preheating upfiowing air, and the regenerator e preheating upflowing air or'iean gas, accordingly as rich or lean gas fuel is used in heating the battery. In the case of each two rege'nerators E, or e, at the opposite sides of a pillar wall F, however, one is necessarily an off regenerator, during the periods in which the other is an on regenerator.

Heretofore it has been the regular'regenerative underred oven practice, to supply rich fuel 'gas to each heating wall flue in which ccmbustion is being initiated, through a corresponding individual vertically disposed duct inthe pillar wall beneath the heating wall containing the In the preferred form of the present invention, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, however, the vertical passages through which rich fuel gas is supplied to the heating wall ilues, are not formed in the pillar walls F, but in the intermediate division walls f. Thus as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, rich fuel gas is supplied to the twin ilue branches d in each heating wall through a set of channels I formed in the adjacent intermediate division wall f at the left of the heating wall. The channels I in each wall j alternate with channels I' supplying rich I'uel gas to the twin flue branches d in the heating wall immediately to the left of said wall f.

This requires that the upper ends of the channels I and I' be bent to the left and right,` respectively, as is shown clearly in Figs. 2 and 8.

Since the two regenerat-ors at opposite sides of each intermediate division` wall f are both "on regenerators, or both "otP regenerators at any one time, yand are both on" regenerators when rich fuel gas is being supplied through the channels I and I' in said wall, there is no pressure di'erential tending to create any significant leakage from either regenerator into the other, and small tendency to leakage into either regenerator from the rich fuel gas supply channels I or I in said wall, even though cracks form, or jointsopen in said wall. There is a pressure differential, however, which will,create leakage from the on regenerator at the one side, to the off regenerator at the other side, of each wall F, if leakage paths extend through that wall. That pressure differential is at a maximum at the bottom of the regenerator sole channel level,

and diminishes as the distance above that. level :sacas 3 increases, and is relatively quite smallatthe level oil the tops of the regenerator's.

The fact that each wall F includes no rich gas supply channels, tends of itself` to a significant reduction in the aggregate area of the crack and joint formed leakage paths throughlthe wall. In addition. the battery shown in Figs. 1 and r,2,r has a leakage barrier in the form of ametal plate or web incorporated in each of the'walls F. Although leakage of air into an oil regenera1 tor is much'less objectionable `than leakage or` fuel gas, and in some cases, the leakage barrier plate J may be incorporated only in the walls F separating the regenerators e in which gas is preheated. The plate or web J is preferably formed of a refractory, corrosion resisting metal such as a nickel-chromium alloy, yadapted to safely withstand the maximum temperatures to which it is subjected. As shown. each plate or webv J is centrally disposed in the wall F, in which it ls incorporated. and extends from below the bottom level of the sole channels to a levelJ somewhat below the level of the tops of the regenerators, so that the plate is not subjected to the relative high temperatures prevailing inthe top portion of the wall F where the risk of objectionable leakage is relatively slight, because of the relatively small difference between the pressures at the opposite sides of the wall.

In the arrangement shown in Figs. l and 2, the

`ducts or passages I and I' in a single wall f, are supplied with rich fuel gas through an individual branch K2 from a-single corresponding distribrtion pipe K or K', respectively,'extending crosswise of the battery and located inthe basement space a. The pipes K and K' receive richv fuel gas alternately from a rich fuel gas supply main L extending longitudinally of the battery at one side of the latter, each of the pipes' being connected to the main L through pillar walls beheath the heating walls, a reversing valve L' and a cutoff valve L2. When the battery is being heated with lean-gas, each of the pipes K and K' may also `supply gas to the immediately adjacent gas preheating regenerator vthrough valved branches K3. Gas may then be supplied to each of said pipes K andi K', through a reversing valve M and a cutoff valve M2, through which the pipe is connected to a lean gas supply main M, located at the opposite side of the battery from the main L.

The location in the same wall f of channels I and I' serving two heating walls, thus gives the practical advantage that the number of distribution pipes K and K' required is only half the number of analogous horizontal distribution pipes Yor channels required when the rich gas -supply channels are formed in the pillar walls Y through a distribution pipe or channel with outlets distributed along its length, like the pipe K cr K' shown in Fig..2, or like the hereinafter described masonry ducts shown in Figs. 1l.,` l2 and other iigures. Regardless of how the air distribution channel is formed or located, its ends may advantageously be open te and receive air from the atmosphere in some cases, while in other cases, the required size of the distribution channels may be desirabiy reduced, and other practical advaniages obtained, by supplying air to said channels, as by means oi the main MB shown in Fig. l1, at a pressure exceeding that of the atmosphere by a slight amount, for example, the excess pressure may correspond to 30 to 40 mm. of water. The blower supplying air to the distribution channels at such a moderate pressure need have a delivery pressure oi not more than 100 mm. of water above atmospheric pressure.

In the operation oi' an underred battery with rich fuel gas heating, some iuel gas decomposition and resultant deposit oi' carbon or graphite on the walls oi the channels I and I' is to be expected. customarily, those deposits are kept small and unobiectionable by admitting decarbonizing air to the passages during the reversal periods in which the latter are not passing rich fuel gas. customarily, also, this decarbonizing air is supplied through the corresponding reversing valves, each of which when turned to cut on' the supply oi' iuel gas opens a valve passage through which atmospheric air may iiow into the corresponding horizontal distribution pipe and thence into the vertical passages leading to the heating ilues. The reversing valve L' may be oi' this type, and specifically may be similar to the hereinafter described valves O shown in Figs. 5 and 8. Since'there is no need to supply decarbonizing air to the fuel supply ducts when the battery is heated by the combustion oi lean fuel gas, the cutoil.' valve I) may advantageously be located as shown between the reversing valve L' and the corresponding pipe K or K'. l

The amount of decarbonizing air supplied to each of the pipes K and K', through the corresponding valve L' during operation with rich fuel gas tiring, may advantageously be augmented by decarbonizing air supplied through the corresponding reversing valve M', which may be similar in construction to 'thevalve L', and arranged for adjustment by the usual reversing gear between positions in which it respectively permits and prevents the iiow and cuts oi! decarbonizing air, during the periods in which the corresponding valve L', respectively permits and prevents the ilow of decarbonizing air. To permit such operation, each cutoi! valve M2 is located between the corresponding M' and the main M.

When each of the pipes K and K' is alternatively usable to supply rich iuel gas to corresponding passages I and I', or to supply lean gas to the corresponding regenerator e, valves O are provided to close the rich fuel gas distribution branches K2 when the battery is to be operated with lean gas tiring, and valves A are provided to close the lean fuel gas passages K3 when the battery is to be heated with rich fuel gas. 'I'he valves O and OA may he simple cutoff valves, manually adjustable, one at a time. Advantageously, however, the operating arms O' for each set of valves O associated with each pipe K or K are operatively connected i'or simultaneous adjustment, and the same arrangement is made for the operation of each set of valves OA. Advantageously, inl some cases, at least, the valves O and OA are connected to the reversing valve mechanism, and the reversing valves L and M', shown in Fig. i, may then be omitted.

When the valves O are connected to the reversing mechanism, they preferably include decarbonlzing passages, and may advantageously take .the form illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. As shown in those figures, the movable valve member O is a tapered plug or cock formed with a through passage Oa which may be turned intoy and out of alignment with the valve inlet and O5, the effective flow capacity of the valve may reversing valve be adjusted as required to properly regulate the iiow oi' fuel gas through the valve. A further adjustment of the ilow capacity of the valve may be eii'ected by replacing the part O* by a part differing therefrom inthe diameter of its axial passage. To facilitate the ready replacement of one part 04 by another, while avoiding risk of accidental displacement, each part O* and cock passage'O3 are advantageously made conical.

Advantageously, and as shown, the casing of the valve O is formed with diametrically opposed openings 0 `ind O" in-to register with which th passage O3 is brought when the cock O is turned to cut ofi' the gas flow. These openings permit of the ready replacement-oi' one part O by another,l and also permit of a very thorough and easily effected cleaning, or swabbing out, oi' .the passage through the part O4, and the ready replacement ot the obturator part or parts 0. The cock O. is also formed with a decarbonizing air passage O' through which atmospheric air ows to the outlet oi' the valve, when the cock O is turned to cut oil' the supply of gas, and the inlet end of the passage 0 is thereby brought into register with a decarbonizing air inlet opening 0.

As previously indicated, the valves L' and M' may be precisely similar in construction to the valve shown in Figs. 5 and 8. The valves OA -need include nothing corresponding to the decarbonizingair passage 0 and inlet 0 of the valves O, but except i'or their omission, the valves OA may well be exactly like the valves O. The valve O is advantageously included in a horizontal portion oi the pipe connection Kz connected through a T iitting Ki to a vertical section oi' the connection K2, which extends into the lower end oi the vertical masonry channel I.

VAs shown in Fig. 7, the iltting K4 includes a horizontally disposed tubular screen part K5, which may be formed of wire mesh and has its inner end snugly received in the'horizontal portion of the piping K? at the inlet side oi the fitting K4, and having its outer end extending into .an opening normally closed by a removable plug K. The screen K5 acts as a :lire check to prevent the passage of fiame'back through the connection Kz into thev corresponding pipe K or K', and thereby prevents explosions in said pipe which might otherwise occasionally occur during the reversal operation. Furnace dust or other dirt passing down through the vertical portion K may collect in a removable bottom part K", which may be separated from the body of the ntting K4, from time to time, for cleaning purposes. Screen K5 tends, oi course, to screen out solid impurities in the gas passing from the cor- By replacingg` t responding pipe K or K' to the passages I or I'.

It is possible to entirely segregate the rich and lean fuel gas supply lines, while at the same time avoiding the necessity for separate horizontal distribution pipes for the different gases supplied to the rich gas channels in a wall and to the lean gas preheating regenerator alongside that wall, by replacing each oi the pipes K and K' of Figs. 1, 2, and 3, by a pipe KA, shown in Fig. 4. 'l'.he pipe KA is provided with an internal longitudinal partition K', which divides the bore oi the pipe into rich and lean gas passages K' and K10, respectively.

While as previously indicated, there is no strong tendency to leakage between a rich fuel gas supply channel I or I', and the regenerators at the opposite sides of the wall f, in which the channel is formed, I may in some cases guard against such leakage by enclosing the hollow tiles I5 surrounding and forming the wall of each passage I or I by a tubular metal casing 1, as shown in Fig. 3. Ihe casing 1, as shown, is formed by end to end tubular sections having their adjacent ends shaped to form a bell and spigot joint connection. The casing 1 may extend upward from the supporting slab A to approximately the same level as the tops of the previously mentioned leakage barrier plates J, and may be formed of the same metal as the plates J.

In all coke oven batteries oi' the general character illustrated, it is regular and necessary practice to divide the battery brickwork into a plurality of longitudinal sections separated by vertically extending expansion joints, which take up,

or close, as the brickwork expands in the initial heating up of thebatte'ry. In the special construction shown in Fig. 8, there is an expansion joint N shown as extending generally from the top of each regenerator' at the right of each pillar wall F to the bottom of the coking chamber C most directly above that regenerator, between similar brick sections NA at the left and right, respectively, of the expansion joint. As shown, the expansion joint N is broken up into a plurality of vertical sections, each of which is displaced longitudinally of the battery relative to each im mediately adjacent section. Each two immediately adjacent vertical sections oi the expansion joint, extend, one upwardly and the other downwardly, from a horizontal joint portion N' between overlapping parts of the two sections NA at opposite sides of the joint.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 8, has the advantage that ealch of the channels I' and H and h is located wholly within one of the masonry sections NA. Each of the other channels I, H', and

h', is formed partly in one and partly in the other ot two adjacent brickwork sections NA. However, no one of the last mentioned channels' intersects a vertical section of the expansion joint N between the two brickwork sections NA, but on the contrary, each such channel extends across a horizontal joint portion N As appears from Figs. 8 and l0, the individual vertical sections Tof` the expansion` joint do not extend continuously from one side or the battery to the other. On the contrary, the joint comprises sections at different distances from the sides ot the battery which extend between -the same two levels and are displaced from one another in the longitudinal direction of the battery. This provides tongue and groove joints N5 between each two adjacent masonry sections NA, preventing bodily movement of one section relative tothe other in'a horizontal direction transverse to the length o! the battery. Furthermore,`

it permits each o! the different channels I', H' and h formed pazrtl'y in one and partly in another of the two adjacent sections NA, and all displaced from one another in the direction transverse to the length o! the battery, to pass through a horizontal joint portion N' extending in the direction of the battery for a distance which Ais a fraction only of the distance which it would need to extend if it were to be traversed by all or said channels.

As shown in Fis. 8. the portion of each channel I", above uhe intersected joint portion N', has its lower end. width, or dimension in the direction of the length oi the battery greater than the average corresponding width or dimension of the I L channel. In consequence, the taking up, or closing, of the expansion joint, does not cut oil, or

objectlonably reduce, the cross section of the channel I' The same expedient may be employed with each of the other channels comprising portions in sections NA separated by an expansion joint.

In the modified arrangement shown in Fig. 9, each of the channels I', having adjacent portions in brickwork sections NB separated by an expansion joint, has the upper one of those portions formed by the bore ot a, tile or hollow body N1". which is rigidly incorporated in, and forms a part o! the corresponding section NB, and has the lower one of said `portions formed by the bore of a tile or hollow body N11, like the tile N1u and rigidly incorporated in'and forming a part of the other of the two brickwork sections NB. As shown in Fig.,9, the expansion joint between the adjacent sections NB comprises vertical portions, and also comprises an inclined portion N12 alongside the tile N1, and between the latter and the adjacent section NB in which that tile is not imbedded. The expansion joint also comprises another inclined portion N13 alongside the tile N11, and between the latter and the brickwork section NB in which the tile N1u is imbedded. As shown in Fig. 9A, the tile parts N1" are rectangular bodies having nat sides which engage associated brick parts N1* and N15, in a conventional manner.

In lieu of supplying gas and combustion air through horizontal distribution pipes located beneath the deck A, as are the pipes K and K' shown in Figs. 1 and 2, I mayadvantageously employ horizontal distribution channels incorporated, as are the channels KB, IQ) and KC shown in Figs. l1 and 12, in a masonry layer AA, interposedy between the battery supporting deck A and the coke oven brickwork mass, and associated regulating provisions which extend downv through the deck A, `into the basement space a. One arrangement of this sort isshown in Figs. 1l, l2 and 13. and alternative ararngements, shown in other figures, are hereinafter referred to. Important advantages obtainedby locating the distributing channels in the special masonry layer AA, include the advantage of av reduction in the average temperature of the deck A, and of the subway space a, thereby insuring less discomfort to, and more eilicient operation by the battery attendants working in the basement space. The location of the distribution channels in the special masonry layer AA also insures somewhat higher distribution channel temperatures and thereby avoids the risk o! the objectionable condensation, and in particular, the risk of having distributing nozzles and passages clogged by pipes P extend centrally through the duct KB.A

Each-of said pipes is formed with a vertically elongated slot P' in Vthe portion of the pipe wall within the duct KB. At its upper end, each pipe P communicates with the adjacent sole channel e' through a corresponding port e, into which the upper end of the pipe P extends. The lower end of each pipe P is located below the underside of the deck A, and is normally closed by a cap P. The amount of gas or air received by each pipe P from the duct KB may be regulated by a piston valve part P3 within the pipeP and of a diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the pipe. Each part P3 may be adjusted vertically to close more or less of the length of the corresponding slot P', by threading more or less of a supporting stem P* into the part P3. The stem P4 normally has its lower end in engagement with, and supported by the cap P.

relatively high content of alumina or other refractory material, adapted to withstand the temperatures. which may occasionally be as highA as 400 C., to which the masonry AA is subjected, and which throughout its temperature range, will have about the same thermal expansion as lthe metal pipes forming the ducts KB, KC and KD.

Certain precautions, desirably taken in connectionwith the masonry layer AA, to avoid difiiis surrounded by a coaxial pipe QA having an' internal diameter larger than the external diameter of the pipe Q. 'I'he pipe QA opens into the duct KC at the bottom ot the latter and has its `lower end beneath the deck A and normally Air is supplied to each regenerator E through a I duct KD, similar to the duct KB, and directly beneath. the regenerator sole" channel E, and in u communication with the latter through pipes P and associated parts, like those employed to establish and regulate communication beneath the regenerator sole channel E', axrdin communication with the latter through pipes P and associated parts, like those employed to establish and regulate communication between the duct KB and the sole "channel e'. When the ducts KB and KD are large enough in cross section, the air .passing through them, may be air drawn into the ducts from the atmosphere by the battery draft suction, but with the intended operation with rich .fuel gas oi the arrangement shown in Figs. 11

and 12, the main MA supplies air under pressure above that of the atmosphere, to the ducts KB,

and air under similar pressure is supplied to the ducts KD by a supply main MB extending longitudinally of the battery. shown, each duct KD is connected to the main MB through ar corresponding reversing valve M and cutoii valve M2.

In the arrangement shown in Figs. l1 and 12, the channels I and I', in each regenerator divif sion wall j may receive rich fuel gas through a duct KC, located in the masonry AA directly beneath said wall. In the arrangement shown,

, each duct KC is connected to a rich g-as supply main LA extending longitudinally of the battery, by a reversing valve L' and cutoff valve L2. In the arrangement shown, during periods in which the ducts KC are not receiving rich fuel gas from the main LA, they may receive decarbonizing air not only through the reversing valves L', but from the main MB, which is preferably located at the' opposite side of. the battery from the main LA, and is connected to the corresponding end of each duct KC through a corresponding branch M3 including -a reversing valve M4. As shown, the mains MA and MB are at oppositeysides of the battery, but both of those mains may well be at the same side oi the battery.

In the arrangementv i each pipe Q is regulated primarily by the size Each of the ducts KB, KC and KD is advan tageously formed by a metal pipe incorporated in the masonry AA, and the latter is advantageously formed oi' aspecial concrete mixture, having a of the central orifice Qz in an oriiice member Q. The latter is screwed or otherwise removably secured, in the lower end of the pipe Q, so that the effective flow capacity of the pipe Q may be varied by replacing an orifice member Q' having an orifice Q2 of one diameter, by another orifice member Q' having an orice Q of diiferen't diameter. The iiow capacity of each oriiice Qz can also be regulated by extending one or another of a set of rods or wires Q3 ot diierent diameters, through said orifice. As shown, the rod or wire Q3 in use, rests on and is supported by a plug QAz removably received in an axial opening in the end Wall of the corresponding cap QA. Each plug QA?, as shown, is formed with a cavity receiving and centering the lower end of the rod or wire Q. With the rod or wire so supported and centered, it will tilt into engagement with the wall of the passage Q3 as shown in Fig. 13, so that check preventing the small explosions which may otherwise occur occasionally at the ends of reversal periods. 'Ihe screen QA3 also assists in preventing the orifice Q2 from being clogged by furnace dust dropping down from the furnace Q. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 13, such dust7 will accumulate on the portion of the top surfaceof the nozzle member Q', surrounding the screen QA3, and can be removed from time to time by removing the nozzle member.

Fig. 13 illustrates a modiiication of the arrangement shown in Fig. 13, in which the screen With the cap Aobturator removably received in the pipe` replacing one such obturator by another of diiaxis of the pipe in which it is placed, it need not v QA5 is not used, but in lieu thereof, a barrier Q5 of inverted conical form is axially disposed in `the bore of the pipe Q, a short distance above the top of the nozzle member Q'. As shown, the barrier or bafile part Q5 is a metal part carried by a rod Q5, and having a conical iiow deiiecting under portion. The rod Q is secured at its lower end to the corresponding nozzle member Q. The barrier Q5 arrests downfalling carbon, or other .furnace dust particles or diverts them radially outward, so that, for the most part, they cannot enter the orifice Q2 of the subjacent nozzle member Q. To minimize dust deposits on the portion of the nozzle part Q' at the margin of the upper end of the orifice Q5, the upper tubular bars of the nozzle member is bevelled of! as indicated at Q". l

With any of the arrangements described herein, it is possible to tightly close the lower end ci the rich lgas outlet pipes Q, as may be desirable, during extended periods of operation with lean fuel gas. To this end, in Fig. 13, the threaded connection between the pipe QA and cap member QA' is sutliciently elongated to permit the bottom wall of the cap member to be brought into snug engagement with the orifice member Q', thereby closing its orifice Q5. In Fig. 13, a special valve member Q8 is mounted in the cap member QA', with freedom `for adjustmentas required to permit the valve member to be brought into snug engagement with the bottom of the oriiice member Q' at all points around its oriiice Q5, when the cap QA is screwed up on the pipe QA.

In lieu of regulating the outow through the branch lines P and Q in the ways previously described, the lower end of each of those pipes may be in free communication with the corresponding distribution pipe KC, KB or KA, and may have its flow capacity determined by an BY ferent cross sectional area, the pipe may be variably throttled. One arrangement of the type just described is shown in Fig, 13", wherein the pipe Q has its lower end Welded in an orifice in the top Wall of the pipe KC. and the obturator is a spherical part P5 held within the pipe Q by the seated on the removable closure QA for the pipe QA in register with the pipe Q. To accurately center the part P5 in the tube Q, the rod P* is -provided with centering ns or ribs P5 extending radially away from the rod.

Topermit of a highly accurate regulation of the iiow capacity of the pipe including the obturator P5 more important in the regulation oi ,the rich fuel gas supply than in the regulation of lean gas orair to be regenerated, the pipe wall surroundingthe obturator maybe accurately machinedor, as shown in Fig. 13b, may be formed by a tubular part Q1n having an accurately formed bore and mounted in the portion of the pipe surrounding t he obturator. In the particular arrangement shown in Fig. 13b, the part Q1n is secured as by a driving fit in the lowerr end o! an uprising extension Q11 of the pipe Q1".l When each part P5 is permanently secured to its supporting rod P4, the latter, as well as the part P5 must be replaced to vary the flow capacity of the corresponding pipe Q or P. Alternatively, however. the obturator parts P5 may be separable from the supporting rods P4, so that each rod .P4 may be used to interchangeably support the .parts P5 of different size.

While in general, the obturator part should be symmetrical about the be spherical, as shown in Fig. 13, but may be cylindrical with conical ends as is the part P'l shown in Fig. 135, or may have some such streamline 'form as the obturator part P' shown in Fig..

In Fig. 13d, e nozzle member QB is screwed into a threaded portion PB of a vertical branch supply pipe PB, above the corresponding horizontal distribution pipe KB. The member QB diilers from the nozzle member Q' in being formed with a kerf Q15 at its underside so that it may be readily put in place and removed by a screw driver like implement QQ, which may be inserted in the pipe PB from the basement space, and comprises tenon and blade portions Q1 and Q and adapted to respectively enter the oriiice Ql and kerf Q15, respectively, or the member QB. The pipes KB and PB oi.' Fig. 13d, are shaped and connected as shown in Fig. 17 and hereinafter described.

To facilitate the relative expansion of the coke oven brickwork, the layer AA. and the deck layers All:l of tar, tar paper, or the like, may be interposed, as shown in Fig. 17, in the joints between the masonry AA, and the coke oven `brickwork and deck A asy shown in Fig. 17. As appreciable upper end of arod P4 which has its lower end expansion of the masonry AA relative to the deck A is to be expected, holes'larger in diameter than the pipes P and QA, and the annular space between each of those pipes and the walls of the 'opening in the deck through which the lpipe extends may be filled initially with some readilyy yielding material, which may be replaced by concrete P1, after the battery has been initially heated -up to its working temperatures.

'I'he composition of the masonry layer AA. may well be made such that the masonry and the metal distribution pipes incorporated in the masonry will have little or no signicant relative expansion as the battery is heated up. To avoid trouble due to Such small relative expansion as may occur, the pipes may be thickly coated with tar, tar paper, or the like. In general, such relative expansion as may occur will result from ein` pansion of theY metal pipes relative to masonry as their temperatures increase, and will diminish in magnitude from each side of the battery toward its center. "Io avoid risk of possible iracture of the welded joints between the distribution pipes KC, KD, etc., and the vertical connection pipes Q. P, etc., connected to the distribution pipes, each horizontal distribution pipe may have welded to it one or more external ilns or circumferential ribs KCl, adjacent each of its ends as shown in Fig. 11, so that expansion of the pipe relative to the masonry AA will tend to .open cracks inthe latter, and thus avoid injury to the joints between the metal distribution pipes and the vertical pipes welded thereto. In lieu of, or in addition to the fins KCI, each horizontal distribution pipe may include an expansion joint KCn between` each side of the battery and its center, and nearer theside than the center. As shownin Fig'. 11, each expansion joint KC?1 comprises a radial enlargement of the pipe, which, in practice, may be formed in a known manner, by welding an expansion joint section of plate metal between end to end portions ot the corre` sponding distribution pipe.

Advantageously, and as shown, the masonry Y AA ls divided into sections by vertical expansion joints AA? extending transversely oi the battery. To prevent or minimize the formation and. opening o! cracks in the masonry AA, particularly as a result of the expansion of thencoke oven bricktray-like bodies E1.

work relative to that of the masonry AA, the latter may well belreiniorced adjacent its upper side by horizontal tierods AA. extending from' such regenerator compartment is connected at its upper end by a single duct H` or h, and by a single duct Hor h to a single heating ilue in each of the two adjacentheating walls.

Each regenerator partition wall E1 may be formed of specially shaped bricks, or oi blocks loosely stacked one on top of another, or advantageously, in some cases, as shown in Fig. 14, the portion of said wall between the regenerator brick vtop and bottom levels may be the end walls of specially shaped checkerbricli blocks E11, which,

like the other checkerbrick blocks E12, may be of the general type and form disclosed in my prior Patent 2,018,223. For the purposes of the present invention, it isl not essential that the joints between the bricks or blocks forming each wail E111 and'between the edges of that wall and the adjacent wall of the regenerator chamber, should be entirely gas tight. and as shown in Fig. 14, inspection ports E1:i are formed in the blocks E11 forming the upper portions of the walls E1,the ports E11 being in line with a normally closed inspection opening E11 in the regenerator end walls.

As shown in Figs. 14 and 15, the checkerbrick blocks E11 `and E12 are supported by refractory Each part E1's extends horizontally for the full width of the regenerator chamber and is formed with a multiplicity o! relatively large ports E11, provided for tlow between the corresponding regenerator compartment and subjacent sole channel E' or e', and has its side edges resting on briclrworlr shoulders E1 projecting from the ,side walls ci' the regenerator chamber. Each part E16 has a central advantageously provided at the upper ends of the passages E111. As shown in Fig. 14, the ilow distributing part at the upper end of each passage E20, is a metallic part P5 carried by a depending rod part P6 which may be an extension of the rod or stem P4 provided for the vertical .adjustment of the corresponding flow regulating device P3. In such case, the part P can be inserted in and removed from the passage E10. In lieu of metallic parts l?5 supported as described, I may mount refractory material partsEzlon the tray parts E16 above the central apertures E1 in the latter, as shown in Fig. 15. l

`To control and regulate thedown ilow distribution through the different regenerator compartments, I may employ parts R ybeneath tite tray parts E1". and formed with suitably proportioned ports R' through which wasteheating gases pass downward into the corresponding sole channel E' or e'. As shown, the parts R, whichmay be formed of steel, cast iron or ceramic material, are received in grooves extending longitudinally of each sole channel and formed in 'the side walls of the sole channels and in the bisecting wall E11. By removing closure parts R2 and R3 at the ends of the sole channel, the parts R are made t, accessible for replacement, by parts similar exaperture E19 in register with the subjacent pipe P, and in communication with the latter through a conduit or passage E10, extending across the corresponding sole channel E' or e' to the lower side o1' the masonry layer AA. As shown the lower ends of the passages E" receiving the upper ends of the pipes P are enlarged to accommodate the relative expansion o f the layer AA and deck' A. As shown, the passages E2 are formed in masonry walls bisecting the sole channels E' and e'.

In Figs. 15 and 16, metal plate sections JA are incorporated in the lower portions of the regenerator division walls f. Each plate JA, as shown, has one edge bent into the form of a half cylin der JA and has its other vertical edge bent to form a half cylinder JA2. The adjacent half `cylinders JA and JA1l of the plate sections JA at opposite sides of each rich i'uel gas supply channel I' or i' unite to form a cylindrical casing surrounding the usual tubular ceramic material parts l15 which form the walls of said channels.

The plate sections JA of Figs. 15 and 16 thus serve the same general leakage preventing functionsv oi' the plates J shown in Figs. l and 2, and of cept for the cross sectional areas oi' the different ports R'. The described arrangement thus. permits of such regulation as may be desirable of the port areas through which the diiierent com' partments of each regenerator communicate l with the regenerator sole channel.

The distribution ofthe combustible agent, lean gas or air, to be preheated in the different compartments into which each regenerator of the arrangement shown in Figs. 14 and l5 is divided, may be adversely aected theoretically, because of ow from one regenerator compartment into another through -the sole channel, to which all of said compartments are open at their lower ends. In most cases, the difference between the pressures in the lower ends of the diierent compartments will be so relatively small, and the resistance otl'ered by the screen parts E16 and R, to ilow from one regenerator compartment into another through the sole channel will be so relatively large, that such flow as may occur, will be too small to be practically objectionable. I have devised means, however, by whichsuch now may be positively prevented when such prevention seems desirable.

One arrangement for the purpose devised by me is shown in Figs. 17 and 18,y wherein the tray and screen parts .E16 and R shown in Figs. 14 and 15, are replaced by tray parts E3 having thickened bottom walls in each of which are formed one or more longitudinally extending passages. As shown, two such passages are formed in each tray part E3, The passages E31 in the trays E30 at the bottom of each regenerator, are shown as collectively forming two cylindrical valve chamlbers extending horizontally from one side of the battery to the other. As shown in Figs. 17 and 18, each chamber E31 receives a corresponding valve member S. of the piston valve type, comprising a plurality oi' cylindrical sections arranged end to end, and each formed with circumferentially extending grooves S'. The valves S may be made of any suitable material as cast iron or ceramic material.

The valve grooves S' are so distributed with respect to vertical ports En formed in the trays E30, and intersecting the passages E31, that when the valve S is longitudinally adjusted intoV the position shown in Fig. 18, the iiow through the corresponding ports E3a from the regenerator compartments above them, to the sole channel beneaththem, is cut off. When the valve S is given a small longitudinal adjustment to the left from its position seen in Fig. 18, the ports E32 will be opened for the passage of waste gases from the regenerator compartments into the subjacent sole channel; By replacing the valves S, or sections thereof, associated with each regenerator, by valves or sections o f slightly dierent conilguration, the relative flows through the different ports ll-12 of each regenerator may be varied as required for regulation purposes.

The valve S may be longitudinally adjusted by suitable connections to the battery reversing mechanism. To this end, in the arrangement shown in Fig. i8, each end of each valve is engaged by a plunger S11 slidingly received in a bushing S3 providing a closure for a passage formed in the corresponding regenerator end wall. As shown, each closure part S1 has stu!- ilng box provisions for preventing leakage out of the valve passage along the corresponding plunger S1. Each plunger S is given an inward thrust at the proper timeto therebyeilect a corresponding longitudinal adjustment of the valve S, by a corresponding rocking element mounted on a pivotal support S4 and including an arm S5 carrying a roller engaging the external head or the plunger S. Each such rocking element includes an arm S, connected by a link S'1 to the battery reversing mechanism. As shown in Fig. 18, each valve member S is adjusted from its closed into its open position by an inward thrust g'iven the corresponding right hand plunger S1, and is given an opening adjustment by an inward thrust given the lei't hand plunger S. Y

As shown in Figs. i7 and 18, each valve channel E31 is lined by a metal pipe or sleeve SA,

having wall ports in register with the ports E31,

and which may well be replaceable on the development of objectionable wear.

In the modied arrangement shown in Figs. 19 and 20, the solid piston valve S of Figs. 17 and 18 is replaced by a valve SB in the form of a metal pipe or tube. The valve SB is formed with ports S1 in its wall which are moved by a suitable bodily adjustment of the valve SB into and out oi' register with the ports E31, or, as shown, into and out of register with the wall ports in a valve chamber lining tube or sleeve SA. That adjustment might be a longitudinal adjustment effected by the means shown in Fig. 18, but as shown in Fig. 20, it is an angular adjustment. The means displace, but are in addition to the usual waste gas reversing valves G. In consequence of the fact that the valves G are in series, so to speak,

with the valves S and SB, it is not necessary to make the latter valves actually gas tight, as such leakage past those valves, as may occur, will not f be practically important.

In Figs. 17 and 18, I have illustrated an arrangement ior passing the combustible agent to be regenerated into each regenerator through vertical passages Fs formed in the adjacent pillar wall F and opening laterally at their upper ends to the regenerator. at a level above its sole channel. As shown, in Figs. 17 and 18. each channel Is ,opens into a-corresponding regenerator compartment through a horizontally `elongated port llt"s formed in the uprising marginal flange portion oi' the corresponding tray E31. As shown in Figs. 17 and 18, each vertical channel F5 receives lean gas or air at its lower end'irom the corresponding horizontal pipe KB or KD through a vertical branch piper PB .having its upper end extended into the channel F5.

In the arrangement shown in Figs, 17 and 18, each of the pipes PB, and QB diners from the corresponding pipe P or QA, respectively, of Figs. 11, 12, 1'4 and 15, in that it does not extend through the corresponding horizontal pipe KB, KD or KC, but has its axislaterally displaced from the axis oi the horizontal pipe, and in that it is formed with an aperture in its side in register with an aperture in the wall of the horizontal pipe. This arrangement has the advantage that the vertical pipes PB and QB do not interfere with the cleaning of the corresponding horizontal pipes KB, KD or KC. With the arrangement shown, a cleaning implement of the full cross sectionof` the pipe KB and KD can be moved through the latter when their ends are opened for the cleaning operation. With the particular proportions shown in Fig. 17, each of the pipes Q extends 4into the corresponding pipe KC for a short distance, but not far enough to interfere signincantly with the cleaning` of the last mentioned use in conjunction withvalves like the valves S and SB, but may be used, for example, in a construction in which those valves are omitted, and

in which ported members R are used, as shown in Figs. 21 and 23.

Some features ofthe present invention are adapted for advantageous use in a coke oven battery in which Athe rich fuel gas distributing shown for effecting the angular adjustment of i As will be understood, the special valves S andy SB shown in Figs, 1'7-20 as interposed between the regenerators and their sole channels, do not channels are located in the regenerator division walls directly beneath the oven heating walls instead of being formed in the intermediate regenerator division walls. as in the constructions previously described. Thus as shown in Figs. 21 and 22. the main egenerator division wall F is formed with vertical rich fuel gas supply channels I and I' which alternate with one another. along the length oi' the wall, and are adapted to supply fuel gas at alternate periods to the respective branches of the twin fiues in the heating wall direetly above the wall F, as has been customary heretofore. Each of the channels I in a single wall F is adapted to receive gas from a corresponding pipe Q associated with a surrounding KC in the masonry layer AA, as in the construc- In lieu of a one-piece metal leakage barrier J in the wall F like that of the construction first described, the construction shown in Figs. 21 and Y -22 includes a barrier wall formed by plate sections JB, alternating with sections JB', each of the sections being similar to the sections JA shown in Fig. 16 except in respect to the angular extent of their curved edge portions. As shown in Fig, 22, the channels I are all at the right hand side, and the channels I' are all at the left hand side of the central vertical plane of the wall F, and the body portions of the sections JB and JB' extend along that plane. The tubular tile parts I forming the wall of each of the channels I and I are partially surrounded by a curved edge portion JB2 of the adjacent section JB, which extend about the axis of the channel for appreciably more than 180, and a cylindrical casing around the channel is completed by a curved edge portion JB3 of lthe adjacent plate JB' which extends about the axis of the channel for less than 180.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 2l, air is supplied to the regenerators E, through horizontal pipes KB and vertical pipes PB, associated therewith, as in the arrangement shown in Similarly, each regenerator e receives lean gas or air through a horizontal pipe KD and vertical pipes PB, associated therewith, as shown in Fig. 17. Each of the pipes PB includes an ob-A turator P'of streamlined form. As shown in Fig. 21, a metallic barrier or leakage preventing wall JC is centrally disposed in the intermediate regenerator wall f, just as the barrier J is included 'in the wall F of the construction first described. The arrangement shown in Fig. 21 includes ported tray parts El, and waste gas distribution plates R, like those shown in Figs. 14 and.15, except that'the tray parts Ills of Fig. 21, are formed with lateral ports E33 through which the channels li'5 open laterally into the corresponding regenerator compartmentsl as in the vconstruction shown in Figs. 1'7 and 18. l

Figs. 23 and 24 illustrate a modification of the arrangement shown in Figs. 21 and 22, in which the channels I and I' are displaced to the opposite sides of the central plane of the wall F in which they are formed, far enough to permit the use of a straight barrier plate J, centrally disposed in the wall, as in the construction first described, and passing between the tiles I5 formr ing the walls of the channels I, and the tiles I5 forming the' walls of the channels I'. With the arrangement shown in Figs. 23 and 24, the plane of the axes of the channels I in each wall F are displaced far enough from the plane including the axes of the channels I' in the same wall, so that the two corresponding rich fuel gas supply pipes lKC can be arranged side by side, and may deliver gas to the channels I and I', through pipes Q and QA associated with the pipes K as shown in Figs. 11 and 15.

Although the general features of my improvev ments minimizing the leakage risk in coke oven batteries having hairpin iiues with but two side by side regenerators between adjacent pillar walls, may be utilized as shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3, without a corresponding use of the general features of my improvements, in the supplying to the regenerators the combustible agents preheated therein, the conjoint use of those general features is advantageous. For example, the proper distribution of the Y combustible agents preheated in the regenerators along the bottom edges of those regenerators, tends to prevent dilferences between the pressures in different portions of a single regenerator, and thus minimize pressure differentials creating leakage through regenerator division walls. Furthermore, the use of two regenerators, insteadv of three. between each two adjacent pillar walls, facilitates the inclusion of horizontal distribution channels in the coke oven masonry mass, by increasing the space measured in the longitudinal direction of the battery, foreach such channel.

With the rich gas distribution channels I an I incorporated in the intermediate walls f instead of in the piller walls F, particularly if the latter include leakage barriers J, it is practically feasible to make the walls f as thick as the pillar walls F, and still provide adequate space for the two regenerators E and e between each two adjacent pillar walls F. The equalization in thickness of the walls F and f, eliminates differences in the vertical thermal expansion of those walls due to differences in their'thickness and permits the intermediate walls f to carry a corresponding portion of the weight of the portion of the battery above the regenerators, and compensates for any weakening of the walls f or leakage tendency due to the inclusion of the channels I and I' in those walls.

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes, I have illustrated and described the best forms of my invention now known to me, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made inthe form of the apparatus disclosed herein without departing from the spirit of my invention as set forth in the appended claims, and that some features of my invention may advantageously be used in some cases, without a corresponding use of other features. i

Having now described my invention, what I `claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. An underfired coke oven battery, comprising in combination, side by side horizontally elongated coking chambers, heating walls alternating with said coking chambers and having hairpin fiues, a supporting wall beneath each heating wall, an intermediate wall between each two adjacent supporting walls, a regenerator between each intermediate wall and each adjacent supporting wall, ducts connecting the two regenerators between each two adjacent supporting -walls to one branch of each twin fiue in each of the two heating walls above the last mentioned supporting walls, and means for supplying rich fuel gas to said fiues comprising upwardly extending supply passages in each of said intermediate walls. r

2. An underlred coke oven battery comprising in combination, side by side horizontally elongated coking chambers, heating walls alternating with said coking chambers and having hairpin flues, a supporting wall beneath each heating wall, an air preheating regenerator and a gas preheating regenerator arranged side by side between each two adjacent supporting walls, ducts connecting the two regenerators between each two adjacent supporting walls to one branch of .each hairpin iiue in each of the adjacent heating walls, each gas preheating regenerator being separated by the immediately adjacent supporting wall from another gas preheating regenerator, and a metal plate leakage barrier incorpoyin combination, side by side horizontally elongated coking chambers, heating walls alternating with said coking chambers and having hairpin nues, a supporting `wall beneath each heating wall, an air preheating regenerator and a second regenerator arranged side by side between each two adjacent supporting walls, said second regenerator being adapted for optional use in preheating air or lean fuel gas, an intermediate regenerator division wall separating the two regenerators between each two supporting walls, ducts connecting the two regenerators between each two adjacent supporting walls to one branch of each twin ilue in each of the adjacent heating walls, each of said intermediate walls being formed with two sets of uprising rich gas supply channels, the channels of one set beingconnected to one hairpin flue in one, and the channels of the other set being connected to the hairpin ilues in the second of the two adjacent heating walls, and a metal plate leakage barrier incorporated in each of said supporting walls..

4. In an underilred coke oven battery, the combination with a horizontally elongated heating wall having hairpin ilues, of a supporting wall 7. In an underiired coke oven battery, the combination with aide by side horizontally elongated coking chambers andiheating walls alternating with saidV colringY chambers and having hairpin ilues,oi a supporting wall beneath each heating wall, an air preheating regenerator and a second regenerator arranged side by side between each two adjacent supporting walls, said second regenerator being adapted for optional' use in preheating air or lean fuel gas, ducts connecting the two regenerators between each two adjacent supporting walls to one branch of each twin flue in each of the adjacent heating walls, each of said supporting wallsbeing formed with two sets of uprising rich gas supply channels, each channel of one set being connected to one branch of a corresponding hairpin iiue in the superposed heating wall and each channel of the second set being connected to the second branch of a corresponding hairpin iiue in the superposed wall, and a metal plate leakage barrier incorporated in each of said supporting walls and comprising portions interposed between adjacent channels of the different sets of channels formed in said wall.

8. An underiired coke oven battery combination as lspecified in claim 1 in which upwardly directly beneath said heating wall, two cooperating-gas preheating regenerators immediately adjacent and at opposite sides of said supporting wall, and each connected to th'e other through the hairpin iiues in said heating wall, and a metallic plate leakage barrier incorporated in said supporting wall and extending longitudinally thereof for a substantial portion or the height of the wall.

5. An underfired coke oven battery comprising in combination, side by side horizontally elongated coking chambers, heating walls alternating with said coking chambers and formed with hairpin ilues, a supporting wall beneath. each heating extending supply passages in each intermediate wall have inclined upper end extensions respectively communicating with the different nues in one of the two adjacent heating walls and other upwardly extending passages in said wall and alternating with the llrst mentioned passages have inclined upper end extensions respectively wall, an intermediate wall between each two ad jacent supporting walls, a regenerator chamber at each side of each intermediate wall and between the latter and each adjacent supporting wall, ducts connecting the two regenerators between each two adjacent supporting walls to one branch of each twin flue in each of the two heatings walls above the last mentioned supporting wall, and means for supplying rich fuel gas to said ues, comprising upwardly extending supply passages in each of said intermediate walls, each such channel having an `upper inclined portion extending into communication with a hairpin flue in an `adjacent heating wall.

6. In an underred cokeoven battery, the combination with side by side horizontally elongated coking chambers and heating walls alternating with said chambers and formed with hairpin ilues, of a supporting wall beneath each heating wall, anV intermediate wall between each two adjacent supporting walls, a regenerator between each intermediate wall and each adjacent supporting wall, means associated with the two regenerators at opposite sides of each intermediate wall, for the optional simultaneous prelxeating of combustion air` in the two regenerators, or for the simultaneous preheating of combustion air in one, and of lean fuel gas in the other of the two regenerators, ducts connecting the different regenerators to the ues in adjacent heating walls, and means for supplying iiue's comprising upwardly extending supply passages in said intermediate walls. y

rich fuel gas to said communicating with the diilerent ilues in the second of the two adjacent heating walls.

9. An underfired coke oven battery as specified in claim 1, having expansion joints distributed along the length of the battery, and each extending between the bottom of a. coking chamber and the top of a subjacent regenerator, and comprising alternating horizontal and vertical sections, and in wihch each of the upwardly extending supply passages in an adjacent intermediate wall which` supply rich fuel gas to the ilues in one of the adjacent heating walls, inter-A sects a horizontal section of said expansion joint.

l0. An underilred coke oven battery as specified in claim l, having expansion joints distributed along the length of the battery, and each extending between the bottom of a coking chamber and the top of a subjacent regenerator, and comprising alternating horizontal and vertical 4 sections, and in which each of the upwardly extending supplypassages in an adjacent intermediate wall which supply `rich fuel gas to the flues in one of the adjacent heating walls, intersects a horizontal section of said expansion joint,

i and in which each of said passages is enlarged being intercepted by the inclined upper portions of passages supplying rich fuel gas to an adjacent heating wall, and in which each inclined passage portionis formed by the bores of end to end hollow tiles of rectangular cross sectional outline, and in which the tiles surrounding each inclined passage portion comprise one or more tiles anchored in one, and one or more tiles anchored in the other of thetwo sections oi the battery separated by the expansion intercepted by said passage portion.

12. An underilred coke oven battery as specilied in claim 1. in which a horizontal distribution channel adjacent the lower edge of each of said intermediate walls is connected to the different supply passages in said wall by separate valved connections, and comprising means including a reversing valve for supplying rich fuel gas to said channel at one end during certain periods, and for supplying decarbonizing air to the channel at each end during alternating periods.

13. An undertlred coke oven lbattery as specined in claim 1, in which a horizontal distribution channel adjacent the lower edge of each intermediate wall is connected to the diierent supply passages in said wall by separate valved connections, and is connected by other valved connections to a gas preheating regenerator atpoints distributed along the length of the regenerator, and in which means are provided for optionally supplying either rich or lean fuel gas to said channel.

14. An underflred 4coke oven battery as speciiled in claim 1, in which a horizontal distribution channel adjacent the lower edge of each intermediate wall is connected to the diilerent supply passages in said wall by separate valved connections, and inwhich said channel is connected by other valved connections to a gas preheating regenerator at points distributed along the length of the regenerator, and which comprises means including reversing valves for supplying rich lfuel gas to said pipe at one end and during certain periods, and for supplying decarbonizing air to the pipe at each end during alternating periods alternating with the ilrst mentioned period.

15. An underi'red coke oven comprising a masonry mass above a basement space and formed in its lower portion with regenerators extending transversely of the battery and with sole channels beneath the dilerent regenerators and with a guideway extending longitudinally of each regenerator adjacent its bottom and plate-like members received in said guideway and formed with ports through which said regenerator communicates with the subjacent sole channel and means independent of said ports for supplying fluid to said regenerator to be preheated therein.

16. An underiired coke oven battery kcomprising a masonry mass above a basement. space and -formed with transverse regenerator chambers in its lower portions and with a Asole channel beneath each regenerator, o! valve means adjustable to establish and close communication between each regenerator and the subjacent sole channel, at Vpoints distributed along the length ed in claim 1, comprising a sole channel beneath each regenerator for the outflow of waste gases thereirom, a ported wall between each rey generator and sole channel, partitions within the regenerator dividing the latter into a horizontal row of vertical sections and means i'or supplying a combustible agent to be preheated Ato each regenerator comprising vertical passages formed in the supporting wall alongside the regenerator and each terminating at its upper end in a port elongated in the direction of the regenerator and opening horizontally to the corresponding regenerator section above said ported wall.

19. An undertlred regenerative coke oven b attery comprising in combination a reinforced concrete supporting deck above a basement space, a brickwork mass above said deck including coking chambers, alternating with ilued heating walls extending transversely of the battery, a supporting wall beneath and parallel to each heating wall, two regenerators, and an intermediate wall between each two adjacent supporting walls, upwardly extending rich fuel gas supply channels in each intermediate wall for supplying rich lfuel gas to the heating ilues in 4the two adjacent heating walls, a regenerator sole channel beneath each regenerator, and means for supplying a combustible agent to be preheated to each regenerator comprising vertically disposed passages formed in the lower portion of the adjacent supporting wall connected at their upper ends to said regenerator.

v20. An underflred regenerative coke oven battery comprising in combination a reinforced concrete supporting deck above a basement space, a brickworkv mass abovesaid deck including coking chambers. alternating with flued heating walls extending transversely of the battery, a

supporting wall beneath and parallel to each heating wall, two regenerators, and an intermediate wall between each two adjacent supporting walls, upwardly extending rich fuel gas supply channels in each intermediate wall vfor supplying rich fuel gas to the heating ues in the two adjacent heating walls, a regenerator sole`channel beneath each regenerator, means fdr supplying a combustible agent to be preheated to each regenerator comprising vertically disposed passages formed in the lower portion of the adjacent supporting wall connected at their upper ends to said regenerator, and a metal plate leakage barrier incorporated in the lower portion of each supporting w'all between the supply passages for the two regenerators at opposite sides of the regenerator and means including ports A opening to the regenerator above said valve means for supplying fluid to the regenerator to be preheated therein.

17. An underiired coke oven battery as specilied in claim 1, comprising a sole channel beneath each regeneratorfor the outilow of waste heat gases therefrom, and means for supplying a combustible agent to be preheated to each regenerator at points distributed along the length of the regenerator, comprising a multiplicity of vertical channels in the lower portion of the supporting wall adjacent the regenerator, and each terminating at its upper end in a port opening horizontally into the' lower portion of the regenerator.

" 18. An underilred coke oven battery as speciof the wall.

21. An underred coke ovenvbattery as specified in claim 1, in which each rich fuel gas supply channel is formed by the bores of superposed hollow tiles incorporated in a regenerator division wall, and in which said tiles are encased by metal.

22. A coke oven battery as sp'ecied in claim 1, in which the intermediate walls are substantially as thick as the walls beneath the pillar walls.

23. In ra regenerative coke oven battery comprising coking chambers alternating with heating walls, regeneratorsr and masonry regenerator division walls beneath said chambers and heating walls, some of said regenerator division walls being interposed between regenerators serving simultaneously as on and oi regenerators respectively, and vertical metallic leakage barrier plates incorporated in the last mentioned division walls.

24. Ah underiired coke oven as specied in .ing coking chambers, and

claim 15 in which theI said platelike members are removably `received in said guideway.

25. An underilred regenerative coke oven battery comprising in combination a brickwork mass including coking chambers and chamber heatf ing means comprising flued heating walls, re-

' generators, regenerator sole channels and upcoeiiicient of thermal expansion as said pipes,`

throughout the temperature` range to which said pipes and layer are exposed.

26. An undernred regenerative coke oven bat-v tery comprising in combination, a reinforced concrete supporting deck above a basement space, a brickwork mass above said deck includchamber heating means comprising ilued heating walls, regenerators, regenerator sole channels, and upwardly extending combustible agent supply passages with their inlets at the bottom of said mass and arranged in rows extending transversely of the battery, a separate masonry layer interposed between said deck and brickwork mass and formed and extending transversely of the battery and formed with a plurality of outlet openings in its top wall distributed along the length of the pipe i ing its upper end secured 'to the distribution pipe with horizontal distribution channels extending transversely of the battery and each having outlets to the different inlets in a corresponding one of vsaid inlet rows, and means accessible foradjustment from the basement space for regulating the outflow through the diierent channel outlets,

27. A coke oven battery as specied in claim 26, in which the horizontal distribution channels are formed by metal pipes embedded in the masonry layer, and in Ywhich the latter is formed of a concrete mixture having about the same coeicient of thermal expansion as the metal pipes throughout the temperature range to which said pipe and layer is exposed.

28. A coke oven battery as specied in claim 26, in which the horizontal distribution channels are formed by metal pipes embedded in the masonry layer, and the outilow regulating means associated with each channel comprises tubular metallic parts connected to said pipe at its underside and extending downwardly therefrom,

and in which said deck is initially formed with openings received, and 'substantially larger in cross section than said tubular parts, to accommodate the horizontal thermal expansion movements of said tubular parts relative to said deck.

29. A coke oven'battery as specified in claim 26, in which tie rods extending transversely oi the battery act between the side `edges of the masonry layer in which the horizontal distribution channels are formed.

30. An underiired regenerative coke oven battery comprising a basement space, a masonry mass above said space and including coking chambers and chamber heating means comprising iiued heating walls, regenerators, regenerator sole channels, and combustible agent supply means including a horizontal distribution pipe embedded in the lower portion of said mass 7 at the margin of the corresponding bottom opening, and means adjustable through the lower end of each tubular part to variably throttl'eV the corresponding tubular outlet.

3l. An underfired regenerative coke oven battery comprising a basement space, a masonry mass above said space and including coking chambers, ilued heating wallsl regenerators, and combustible agent supply distribution pipes, each such pipe being embedded in the lower portion of said mass and extending transversely of the battery and having outilow branches distributed along its length and each of which comprises a passage extending downwardly from said pipe and an uprising passage having its lower end in communication with said distribution pipe through the first mentioned passage, and means adjustable from the basement space to variably throttle said uprising passages.

32. An underred regenerative coke oven battery comprising a masonry mass above a basement space and including coking chambers, fiued heating walls, regenerators, and combustible agent distribution pipes, each distribution pipe being embedded in the lower portion of said mass and extending transversely ofthe battery and being formed with a plurality of wall openings distributed along its length, tubular parts secured to each distribution pipe, one at the margin of each wall opening and extending downwardly from the pipe to the basement space, and having a normally closed lower end, vertically disposed outflow pipes, each having a lower portion within but not filling a corresponding tubular part and K lar part to a level above the top of the distribution pipe, and means for variably throttling each such outlet pipe, said means being accessible for adjustment from the basement space through the corresponding tubular part.

33. A coke oven battery as specified in claim 32, in which the wall openings of each distribution pipe are formed in the .bottom of the pipe and in which each outflow pipe extends through the corresponding distribution pipe and the top wall of the latter. y i

34. A coke oven battery as specied in claim 32, in which the wall openings of each distribution pipe are formed in the side of the latter and in which each tubular part is a vertically disr posed pipe with a port in its side wall in register 35. An underilred regenerative coke oven battery comprising a basement space, a masonry mass above said space and including coking` chambers. nued heating walls, regenerators and kcombustible agent distribution pipes, each of said pipes being embedded in the lower portion of 

